7.1.7 Nanoparticles

The AFM can easily visualize nanoparticles with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to a few microns. It is possible to measure the size of individual nanoparticles as well as measure the parameter distribution of an ensemble of nanoparticles. Parameters such as particle size, volume, circumference and surface area are readily measured. One of the greatest challenges to measuring nanoparticles is developing methods for distributing the nanoparticles on a surface.

7.1.8 Carbon Nanotubes

High resolution images of both single wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are measurable with the AFM. The nanotubes must be dispersed on a flat surface for imaging.

7.1.9 Crystal Structure

Atomic terraces on crystal surfaces are readily measured with an AFM in ambient air. It is not possible, however, to measure the topography